Playing God with Nature? Golding to Dump Up Jamaica’s Natural Flood Shields

July 6, 2025 | Jamaica Live News Desk

Opposition Leader Mark Golding is courting controversy with his latest proposal to use swamp land for constructing affordable housing — a move that has triggered alarm bells among environmentalists, flood-risk experts, and concerned citizens alike.

Golding, in his bid to address Jamaica’s longstanding housing crisis, has proposed reclaiming sections of swamp and wetland areas for development. While the plan is being marketed as a bold solution for low-income families desperate for home ownership, critics warn that tampering with these vital ecosystems could come at a devastating cost.

“Swamps are not just ‘waste land’ — they are nature’s frontline defense against climate disasters,” said one environmental researcher, who called the proposal “short-sighted and dangerous.” Wetlands act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater and reducing the risk of catastrophic flooding in surrounding communities. Jamaica, a small island nation already grappling with rising sea levels, cannot afford to lose such protection.

The timing of the proposal has raised eyebrows, especially in the wake of Hurricane Beryl, which just reminded the nation of its vulnerability. Urban flooding, coastal erosion, and infrastructural damage have already cost Jamaica billions over the past decade — a burden that could worsen if natural flood barriers are destroyed.

In 2017, the Forestry Department reported a 95.5 percent decline in swamp forest coverage, attributing this loss to the construction of hotels and other infrastructure. The department has called upon Jamaicans to prioritize the protection of the island’s wetlands, which play a critical role in mitigating flood risks. Data from the most recent Land Use Assessment Survey, conducted by the department, reveals that Jamaica has experienced a loss of over 2,100 hectares of swamp forest in the past 15 years. Furthermore, Marilyn Headley, the Conservator of Forests, cautions that a careful balance must be maintained between development and the conservation of swamp forests.

What are Swamp Lands?
Swamps are vital ecosystems that provide numerous ecological and societal benefits. They act as natural sponges, absorbing excess water from rainfall and reducing the risk of flooding. They also filter and purify water by removing pollutants and excess nutrients, contributing to overall water quality. Additionally, swamps are crucial habitats for a wide variety of plant and animal species, supporting biodiversity and contributing to the food chain. 

Here’s a more detailed look at the purposes of swamps:

1. Flood Control: Swamps act as natural buffers against flooding by absorbing excess water from heavy rainfall and reducing the impact of storm surges. Their spongy soil and vegetation help to slow down water flow, preventing rapid runoff and minimizing damage to surrounding areas. 

2. Water Purification: Swamps play a vital role in cleaning water by filtering out sediments, pollutants, and excess nutrients. The plants and microorganisms within the swamp ecosystem help to break down and absorb harmful substances, improving water quality for both aquatic life and human use. 

3. Habitat and Biodiversity: Swamps provide essential habitats for a wide array of plant and animal species, including fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. They offer food, shelter, breeding grounds, and nesting sites, contributing to the overall biodiversity of the region. 

4. Carbon Storage: Swamps, particularly tidal swamps, can store large amounts of carbon in their soils, acting as a significant carbon sink and helping to mitigate climate change. 

5. Economic Value: Swamps support various economic activities, including fishing, hunting, and tourism. They also contribute to the health of coastal areas, which are vital for fisheries and tourism industries. 

6. Cultural and Recreational Value: Swamps hold cultural significance for many communities and provide opportunities for recreation, such as hiking, birdwatching, and kayaking. 

In summary, swamps are essential ecosystems that offer a range of ecological and societal benefits, making their conservation crucial for maintaining healthy environments and supporting human well-being. 

Supporters of Golding argue that with proper engineering, mitigation strategies, and environmental assessments, some swamp lands can be converted into safe residential zones. But critics question whether these promises hold water — or if they are merely political soundbites aimed at winning votes in underserved constituencies.

“Playing God with nature has never ended well,” said a climate resilience expert. “We need housing, yes. But not at the cost of increasing flood risk for future generations.”

In Portland, Jamaica, the term “swamp land” often refers to the wetland areas within the larger Portland Bight Protected Area (PBPA). This area encompasses diverse ecosystems including mangroves, seagrass beds, and dry limestone forests. The PBPA is known for its significant biodiversity and serves as a nursery for fish and shellfish. 

Key aspects of swamp land in Portland, Jamaica:

• Wetlands:The PBPA includes approximately 32 square miles of wetlands, which are crucial for supporting various species and ecosystems. 
• Mangroves:The PBPA boasts the largest mangrove system in Jamaica, playing a vital role in the coastal ecosystem. 
• Ramsar Site:The Portland Bight Wetlands and Cays are recognized as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. 
• Biodiversity:The wetlands and surrounding areas within the PBPA are home to numerous vulnerable and endemic species, making it a biodiversity hotspot. 
• Ecological Importance:The wetlands act as nurseries for fish and shellfish, support diverse bird populations, and provide essential habitat for various other species. 
• Threats:Mangroves within the PBPA are vulnerable to impacts from storms, hurricanes, and climate change. Coastal development can also limit their ability to migrate landward, potentially impacting their survival. 

The government has yet to issue a formal response, but the question now dominating social media and public discourse is clear: Should Jamaica sacrifice its natural flood shields for short-term housing gains?

One thing is certain — this proposal will test not just the political will of our leaders, but their commitment to environmental sustainability in the face of mounting climate threats.